Aec assignment

Name:Gohil krupaba chetansinh

Std:T.Y.B. A SEM-6

COLLEGE NAME :MAHARANI SHREE NANDKUVARBA MAHILA ART'S & COMMARCE COLLEGE 

SUBJECT NAME:AEC

PROFFARCER NAME:SHIVANI MA'AM 

            🌟Home assignment 🌟 

Definition and process of communication

Definition of Communication 

The word communication comes from the Latin word "Communicare", which means to share or to make common.

Communication is a continuous and dynamic process through which individuals exchange information, ideas, thoughts, emotions, and feelings using symbols, singns, language, or behavior to achieve shared understanding. Communication is not just speaking or writing, it also include listening, observing, and interpreting nonverbal cues.

Sender->Encoding ->Massage -> Channel ->Recevier->Decoding ->Feedback 

1.Sender(Communicator)

The sender is the person who begins the communication process.

The sender has an idea, thought, feeling, or information that needs to be conveyed to another person.

Role of the sender:

•To have clarity about the massage 

•To choose suitable words, symbols, or gestures

•To select an appropriate medium

Example :

A teacher explaining a lesson to students.

2.Encoding :

Encoding is the mental process of converting the sender's idea into a communicable from such as words, images, sings, or gestures.

Encoding depends on:

•Language ability 

•Cultural background 

•Emotional state 

•Knowledge level

Poor encoding can lead to misunderstanding.

Example:

A teacher using simple language to explain a difficult concept.

3.Massage 

The message is the core of communication. It is the actual content or information that the sender wants to transmit.

A message may include :

•Facts

•Ideas 

•Opinions

•Feelings 

•Instruction 

Massage can be:

•Verbal 

•Nonverbal

4.Channel (Medium)

The channel is the path through which the message travels from sender to receiver.

Common channels include:

•Face to face conversation 

•Emails

Example:

Urgent information is better communicated through a phone call than a letter.

5.Receiver

The receiver is the person for whom the message is intended.

Communication is incomplete without a receiver.

The receiver's understanding depends on:

•Listening skills

•Knowledge 

6.Decoding 

Decoding is the process by which the receiver interprets and understands the message.

Decoding is influenced by:

•Language proficiency

•Cultural state

Example:

A student interprets a teacher's explanation correctly.

7.Feedback

Feedback is the receiver's response to the sender. It shows whether the message has been understood as intended.

Feedback may be:

•Verbal

•Non verbal

Feedback makes communication two way and effective.

          

       🌟class assignment 🌟

Paralinguistics:

Paralinguistics is an important part of nonverbal communication.

It deals with the vocal aspects of speech, that is, how something is said rather than what is said. Even when the words remain the same, the meaning can change depending on the speaker's voice.

•Definition 

Paralinguistics is the study of vocal features such as tone, pitch, volume, speed, pause, and intonation that accompany spoken words and convey meaning. These features help express emotions, attitudes, and intentions.

•Elements of paralinguistics:

1.Tone of Voice 

Tone shows the speaker's emotion or attitude.

Soft tone->Politeness or affection

Harsh tone->anger or irritation

The same words spoken in different tones can convey different meanings.

 

2.Pitch

Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of the voice.

High pitch->excitement, fear, or nervousness 

Low pitch->Seriousness, calmness, or authority

3.Volume

Volume means the loudness or softness of the voice.

Loud voice ->confidence, anger, or urgency

Soft Voice ->Calmness, politeness, or secrecy

Proper volume is important for clear communication.

4.Rate(Speed of speech)

This refers to how fast or slow a person speaks.

Fast speech->excitement, anxiety, or enthusiasm

Slow speech->seriousness or careful thinking 

5.Pause and Slience

Pauses help in:

•Emphasizing important points 

•Giving time to think 

6.Stress and Emphasis 

Stress is placed on certain words to highlight meaning.

"I didn't say he was wrong"

"I didn't say he was wrong "

7.Intonation 

Intonation refers to the rise and fall of the voice.

Rising intonation ->questions or uncertainty 

Falling intonation->statements or certainty

            🌟eassy assignment 🌟

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English Language

An Essay on Communication in English Language

By UK Essays

✅ Paper Type: Free Essay ✅ Subject: English Language

✅ Wordcount: 3774 words ✅ Published: 09 Jul 2021

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Communication has been defined as the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another through the use of common symbols. Communication can flow upward, downward, and laterally, that is, from subordinates to superiors, from superiors to subordinates and from peer to peer. Most people want to be understood; they want to understand others; and they want to gain acceptance of their ideas. Rarely would a person deliberately not want to be understood; but even so, misunderstandings, incorrect communications, and failure to communicate can create confusion on a regular basis.

Good communication is crucial to the success of both the individual and the organization. It doesn’t matter how good a worker you are or how much you understand about the business if you cannot communicate properly.

Objective 1. List the four main purposes of communication.

we want to be understood

we want to understand others

we want to gain acceptance for ourselves and our ideas

we want to produce action

What does the phrase: ‘as soon as you can get to it” mean? Does it mean right now or as soon as you finish what you are doing right now or what? If your meaning and the other person’s meaning are not the same, you may have the makings of a communications breakdown.

Everything we say has at least three messages: 1. What we meant, 2. what we said, and 3. what the other person understood. Unfortunately, these three are not always congruent.

An accountant made a mistake and he apologized thusly: “I read 4, wrote 5, meant 6, and it should have been 7.”

Objective 2. Describe the six-step communication model and elaborate on each of its points.

There are many different models of communication and each has its particular value. The model you have on page 66 of DuBrin’s book (10th edition) is a good one, but I would like to use another model because it has several things that are really valuable as we look at communication. We will refer back to DuBrin’s model a little later on. The model I want to present to you has six steps:

ideation

encoding

transmission

receiving

decoding

action

Notice in the comic strip that communications must start with a concept, that is, an idea, thus the term “ideation.” This first step takes perhaps a fraction of a second; and we can almost ideate and speak at the same time. Ideation requires imagination and experience because the more of each you have, the easier it is to ideate a message.

The second step is encoding. This step requires putting the idea into some type of intelligible form so it can be transmitted. Writing a letter, framing a statement in your mind, determining (or even not determining) to communicate non-verbally-all these represent encoding. Consider the importance of education to encoding.

Transmission is the third step; and it is the most visible and recognizable aspect of communication. Speaking, writing, and even non-verbal communication are examples of this step.

The fourth step is receiving; and it is done by reading the letter, hearing the words, or sensing the non-verbal communication.

Decoding, the fifth step, is the counterpart of encoding except that it is done by the receiver. Decoding requires taking intelligence from the message as it is received. This step is responsible for the majority of communications problems.

The sixth step is action; if a message is received, then action of one sort or another must follow. Bear in mind that taking no action is one way of acting.

M2.1 will help you understand this concept.

Objective 3. Identify the different ways of communicating and list their advantages and disadvantages.

Let’s take the following means of communicating and discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and perhaps some suggestions for improving the communication in each medium. If you have additional contributions, we can discuss those as well.

Telephone

Written (memo, letter, instructions)

Telephone (including voice mail)

E-mail

Face-to-face

Objective 4. Explain the importance of non-verbal communication.

Just as regular communication can take a variety of forms, so can non-verbal communication. We can identify several different kinds of non-verbal communication and each one may have some sub-categories. Here are some of the more common types of non-verbal communication:

A local radio personality in Tyler, Texas, was hawking a used car lot and his statement was: “I bought my last car from them.” The obvious interpretation is that the last car he bought was from that dealer. What if he had put increasing emphasis on the last three words? Then it would sound like he would never buy another car from them.

There are two main types of non-verbal communication: paralanguage and kinesics.

Paralanguage is like language, that is, it communicates something, but not in words. It includes emphasis, vocalization, and pauses (or silence).

You already know how adding emphasis to a statement (or parts of a statement) can add urgency to the message or even change the meaning. For example, if someone says, “What do you think about it?” he is speaking emphatically to you.

Vocalization is an audible (or sometimes inaudible) component of a statement that carries meaning. For example, a laugh, a groan, or even clearing the throat can qualify as a vocalization if it carries meaning. A well placed pause can add a great deal to the message, such as when someone says, “I’m not saying he is dishonest, he is just (pause) creative in his dealings. Can you see the meaning the pause adds? Sometimes a question or a comment can be met with steely silence indicating displeasure with the message: “Dad, can I go over to Joe’s house and smoke some marijuana?”

Kinesics includes deliberate gestures and other movements which might not be deliberate, such as stroking the chin, slumping, facial expressions, eye movement or body language.

Please note that laughing, sighing, pausing, stroking the chin, or eye movement may be nothing other than what it seems. In order to be classified as non-verbal communication, the action must be a communication whether deliberate or non-deliberate.

Some gestures might be perfectly acceptable in one culture and highly offensive in another. A television mini-series in 1986 entitled, “On Wings of Eagles” showed the daring rescue of some EDS executives held hostages in Iran. The man responsible for getting them out of Teheran told them, “We need to get a ride, but do not stick out your thumb because that is an insulting gesture.” The “V” sign can mean victory (as from Winston Churchill; it can mean “peace,” as with the 1960’s peaceniks; or it can also be an insulting gesture in some European countries.

Shifty-eyed is a label we would put on some gangster or someone not to be trusted. You can probably identify a number of other kinesics examples that add meaning or contradict meaning.

Proxemics is communicating by space. Middle Eastern people prefer to get very close while communicating, but most westerners prefer a certain distance between themselves and the fellow communicator. Can you imagine what would happen if two people from these two cultures were trying to communicate and neither was aware of the proxemics preference of the other?

Objective 5. Describe several ways you can improve your communications through using or not using non-verbal means.

How Non-verbal Communication Helps

How important is facial expression and eye contact in communication? You probably have heard the phrase, “He can lie to you while he is looking you in the eye.” It implies that the person is a skilled liar and that normally if a person is lying, he won’t look you in the eye. Alternately, when someone says, “I looked him in the eye and told him what I thought,” that means he had the boldness to say what he really thought.